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ad hominem
an ad hominem is a general category of fallacies in which a claim or argument is rejected on the basis of some irrelevant fact about the author of or the person presenting the claim or argument.
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begging the question
begging the question is a fallacy in which the premises include the claim that the conclusion is true or (directly or indirectly) assume that the conclusion is true.
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false dilemma
reducing the argument to two options when others are possible.
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red herring
a red herring is a fallacy in which an irrelevant topic is presented in order to divert attention from the original issue. the basic idea is to 'win' an argument by leading attention away from the argument and to another topic.
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slippery slope
the slippery slope is a fallacy in which a person asserts that some event must inevitably follow from another without any argument for the inevitability of the event in question. in most cases, there are a series of steps or gradations between one event and the one in question and no reason is given as to why the intervening steps or gradations will simply be bypassed.
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straw man
the straw man fallacy is committed when a person simply ignores a person's actual position and substitutes a distorted, exaggerated or misrepresented version of that position.
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